GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

ANALYSIS OF GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

IN USING THEORY OF DULAY, BURT, KRASHEN

KAHARUDDIN

Reg. Student’s Number

40300109044

ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

ADAB FACULTY

ALAUDDIN STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MAKASSAR

2012

INTRODUCTION

            Grammar and editing is the study about structure of words grammatically. It contains on two categorizes. They are “grammar” and “editing”. Then it gathers being subject of study to correct the word or sentence in writing. There are several kinds of grammatical errors. They are runs-on, punctuation, fragments and so on.

            In this paper I want to analyze and editing the fifth writing from five different writers.  In this case, I selected one paragraph for each writer. And the writers had been taken as my analysis because I found the differentiations in using words in sentence. They are students of Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar. First is Nur Islamiyah. She is the first semester in education faculty. Second is Syarif Al-qadri. He is also the first semester but he studying at health faculty. Third is Muajiz Muallim. He is the fifth semester in Adab faculty. Fourth is Miftahul Jannah. She is also the fifth semester in Adab faculty. And then the last is my writing when I was still the first class at Senior High School in Islamic Boarding School As’adiyah.

            The method of this paper is survey utilizing student’s writing how the development of student’s writing. The primary source is student’s writing in Alauddin State Islamic University. I choose the writing of each students then I find and editing the grammatical errors and categorized into four types of grammatical errors. They are Omission, Addition, Misformation, and Misordering.

THEORITICAL APPROACH

            This paper uses theoretical approach of Dulay, Burth, and Krashen (1982) propose surface structure taxonomy in which this taxonomy focuses on the ways the surface structure of sentence deviate from the correct ones. In this case, they categorized into four types which is used to separate the error’s category. The first is omission. It is characterized by the absence of a morpheme or a group of morpheme that appear in a well-formed utterance or sentences. There is a blank of word and grammatical error should be filled. The second is addition. It characterized by the presence of a morpheme or a group of morpheme that appears in a well-formed utterance or correct sentence. It has addition word should be eliminated. The third is misformation. It is characterized by the use of the wrong form of a morpheme or structure. There is a wrong form should be changed. And the last is misordering. It is characterized by the incorrect placement of a morpheme or a group of morphemes in an utterance or a sentence. It has a wrong places should be changed.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

            This part includes the finding and discussion, which will be discussed intensively. In findings, it clarifies the table which mentions the grammatical categories according to surface structure taxonomy and errors which is relation with theory of Dulay, Burt, Krashen. In discussion item, it has the detail clarification and editing the errors of the sentence in fifth the writer’s writing.

A.    Findings

The finding of this study was described into the table. The grammatical errors of the writing can be seen in the table below:

Grammatical Categories	Surface Structure Taxonomy and Errors
	Omission	Addition	Misformation	Misordering	Several
Auxiliary	3	1	1	-	-
Plural	5	-		-	-
Verb	1	-	6	-	-
To infinitive	1	-	-	-	-
Article	-	1	-	-	-
Tense	-	-	1	-	-
Noun phrase	-	-	-	2	-
Conjugation	-	-	-	1	-
Total	10	2	8	3	-
	23

           

From the table above we can find that the grammatical errors of the writer’s writing could be found into auxiliary, plural, verb, to infinitive, article, tense, noun phrase, and conjugation. Moreover, according to Dulay, Burt, Krashen’s theory, the surfacing structure taxonomy and errors are dividing into omission, addition, misformation, and misordering.

            Totally in this table, there are 23 grammatical errors that found after clarified from the fifth writer’s writing. The grammatical errors can be found in omission of auxiliary verb are three errors, omission of plural are five errors, omission of verb is one error, omission of to infinitive is one error whereas omission of article, tense, noun phrase, and conjugation didn’t find errors. And then in addition of each auxiliary and article, we just only find one error. There are eight errors in misformation. It depends on auxiliary is one error. Verb is six errors, and tense is one error. Finally we can see misordering of noun phrase and conjugation stayed two and one errors, beside that the writer’s analyze didn’t find several errors of surface structure.

B.     Discussion

In these writers, there are several errors. And I want to identify and editing the wrong word of one sentence of each writer based on the grammatical categorizes and surveying structure taxonomy and errors.

v  Omission of auxiliary form

For example:

My impassions after following the PIKIH programs are very good and gratify but sometimes I  ^ bored because which are done sitting, doing assignment, and going back.

The above sentence contains on omission of plural form. The correct one of the sentence should be:

My impassions after following the PIKIH programs are very good and gratify but sometimes I am bored because which are done sitting, doing assignment, and going back.

v  Addition and of article form

For example:

Trading activity is the* one of the right moments in the street.

The above sentence contains on addition of plural form. The correct one of the sentence should be:

Trading activity is one of the right moments in the street.

v  Misformation of tense form

For example:

In my opinion about English PIKIH program is very good but the observation must be increase* because there are many students are not serious to study.

The above statement contains on misformation of these form. The correct one of the statement should be:

In my opinion about English PIKIH program is very good but the observation must be increased because there are many students are not serious to study.

v  Misordering of noun phrase

For example:

During Ramadhan month, I had experiences good*.

The above statement contains on misordering of noun phrase form. The correct one of the statement should be:

During Ramadhan month, I had good experience.

v  Omission of to infinitive

For example:

It (Korean Band) is caused ^ influence the boy and girl band Indonesia.

The above statement contains on omission of to infinitive form. The correct one of the statement should be:

 It (Korean Band) is caused to influence the boy and girl band Indonesia.

CONCLUSION

Grammar and editing is the study about structure of words grammatically. It contains on two categorizes. The method of this paper is survey utilizing student’s writing how the development of student’s writing. I choose the writing of each students then I find and editing the grammatical errors and categorized into four types of grammatical errors. They are Omission, Addition, Misformation, and Misordering. Unconsciously, sometimes we find several errors in the writing which is caused by the grammatical errors. It needs accuracy and grammatical pattern in own writing.